At the beginning of the 21st century one in eight women in the UK is expected to get breast cancer and one in four men prostate cancer.1 For the most part cancer is a 20th century invention.2 Most types of cancer are on the increase, and conventional treatment is losing the war. The death toll increases despite huge sums of money poured into research. Indeed many would argue that we need a new way of thinking, that the direction of cancer research must change from trying to find a cure for cancer to researching for prevention against cancer. 3
Introduction 4
Fifty years ago there were exciting developments
in the search for the answer to cancer. From the time that cancer was first
diagnosed (some 300 - 500 years ago) to the present, most members of the medical
profession have treated this disease using the theory that the tumour is the
disease. This theory said that if you can remove or destroy the tumour you will
cure the disease. A group of biochemists and medical doctors realised that surgery,
chemotherapy and radiotherapy were not working - more and more people were dying
from cancer each year. It was obvious to them that removing or destroying the
tumour did not cure the disease, which meant that the tumour was not the disease,
but a symptom of the disease. These scientists researched and found that the
body does have a natural defence against cancer.
The
body’s natural defences
They found that the cancer cell is coated with
a protein lining which prevents the body’s normal defences from getting to the
cancer cell. They found that, if you could dissolve the protein lining from
around the cancer cell, the body’s normal defences - the white blood cells -
would destroy the cancer cell. They found that the pancreatic (digestive) enzymes
dissolved this lining and these enzymes acting with the body’s immune system
were the body’s first line of defence. (see ‘Understanding what cancer is’ for
greater detail) (back
to top)
They also found a second line of defence, which was formed by a group of substances known as nitrilosides.5(see endnote for history of use of nitrilosides) The cancer cell has an enzyme, beta-glucosidase, which, when it comes in contact with nitrilosides, converts those nitrilosides into two molecules of glucose, one molecule of benzaldehyde and one molecule of hydrogen cyanide. Both the benzaldehyde and the hydrogen cyanide are toxic to the cancer cell. (In September 2000 researchers from Imperial College, London announced at the British Association for the Advancement of Science’s Science Festival that they had developed a treatment using cyanide from food crops (cassava) to kill cancer cells - for more details see ‘Researchers use cyanide’.)
An answer to cancer is found
In the early 1950s Ernst T. Krebs, Jr., a biochemist
in the U.S., isolated the nitriloside compound from the apricot kernel. He identified
it as vitamin B17 and named its pure and concentrated form laetrile. There was
great excitement as trials in the U.S. began to show that laetrile worked. But
laetrile or vitamin B17 is to be found in food and if it could be proved that
cancer was no more than a vitamin deficiency, the whole of the cancer industry
would collapse, and no money could be made from cancer drugs.
Opposition to the answer
Two arguments have consistently been made against
laetrile by the medical establishment. Firstly, that it doesn’t work - this
view is mainly based on a California Report of 1953 which summarised "No
evidence of cytotoxic changes was observed by any of the consultants."
However, if the details of the reports from the researchers is studied, this
statement is found to be a ‘lie of gigantic proportions.’ 6 Even
if the findings of these researchers had not been falsely summarised, the 1953
California Report still would have been totally useless as a scientific verdict
against laetrile because the strength of the doses used on cancer patients was
too weak to prove anything. In fact, it was about one-fiftieth of what generally
is used to obtain optimum results. In the early days of research clinicians
cautiously administered only 50-100mg at a time. Gaining confidence with experience,
these levels gradually were raised until, by 1974, laetrile was being used intravenously
at levels of 6000-9000mg daily. Generally it takes an accumulation of 50,000-70,000mg
over a period of a week to ten days before the patient can report tangible indications
of improvement.
For five years, between 1972 and 1977 laetrile was meticulously tested at Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centre in Manhattan under the direction of Dr. Sugiura. At the conclusion of his experiment he reported five results:
1. laetrile
stopped metastasis (the spreading of cancer) in mice
2. it improved their
general health
3. it inhibited the growth of small tumours
4. it provided relief from pain
5. it acted as a cancer prevention.7
These findings did not please the board of Sloan-Kettering whose interest was in finding a drug cure for cancer. They ordered re-trial after retrial, altering parameters until they could say "laetrile doesn’t work". The full story can be read in World Without Cancer.
The second argument made against laetrile by the medical establishment is that it contains cyanide and is toxic. 8 One of the three compounds in laetrile is hydrogen cyanide but this is only toxic when it is released from the combined three compounds which make up laetrile. The three compounds locked together are also known as amygdalin whose non-toxicity has been a well-known, fully accepted and non-controversial fact for over one hundred years. Otto Jacobsen in his book Die Glucoside’ in 1887 stated "Amygdalin is not toxic" and gave 99 references from studies made within the 20 years prior to his publication. 9 For over 100 years Pharmacology reference books have described this substance as non-toxic. An analogy given by Griffin is of chlorine gas which like cyanide is known to be deadly. But when chlorine is chemically bound together with sodium forming sodium chloride, it is a relatively harmless compound known as common table salt. On the other hand, drugs used in chemotherapy are highly toxic.
Vitamin B17 only releases poison
when it touches a cancer cell
The three compounds locked together in vitamin
B17 are harmless. What happens when they are unlocked and the individual compounds
are released? The cancer cell has an enzyme, beta-glucosidase, which, when it
comes into contact with vitamin B17, converts it into two molecules of glucose,
one molecule of benzaldehyde and one molecule of hydrogen cyanide. Normal cells
contain the enzyme rhodanese and this converts the vitamin B17 into food.10
This enzyme rhodanese is not found in the cancer cell. Thus the beta-glucosidase
enzyme found in the cancer cells converts the vitamin B17 into poison which
kills the cancer, while in the normal cells the rhodanese enzyme converts the
vitamin B17 into nutrients which nourish the normal cells.
So is vitamin B17 the answer?
Dr Krebs and other researchers maintain that cancer
is a chronic metabolic disease. A chronic disease is one which usually does
not pass away of its own accord. A metabolic disease is one which occurs within
the body and is not transmittable to another person. Other examples of these
are diabetes, scurvy, pellagra, pernicious anaemia, rickets, beri-beri. In the
entire history of medical science, there has not been one chronic, metabolic
disease that was ever cured or prevented by drugs, surgery, or mechanical manipulation
of the body. In every case the ultimate solution was found only in factors relating
to adequate nutrition.11
All of us probably have cancer many times in our lives. If our defence mechanisms are functioning normally, the body kills off the cancer cells, and we’re never aware that it happened. If, however, there is a breakdown in that defence mechanism when the cancer cells appear, there is nothing to prevent the growth of those cancer cells and soon there is a tumour. (back to top)
Do toxins
in our lifestyle require a stronger defence mechanism?
The growth in the incidence of cancer parallels
the industrialisation and chemicalisation of our world. The more developed a
country, the more cancer. This is because most cancers are primarily the result
of changes we have made to our total chemical environment - what we eat, drink
and breathe. According to one of Britain’s top medical scientists, 90% of all
cancers are caused by environmental factors and the most conservative experts
say at least 75% of cancers are associated with environmental and lifestyle
factors. In the space of two generations, mankind has invented ten million new
chemicals and unwittingly released thousands of them into the environment. Many
are known to be carcinogens, and we take these in, in our food, air and water.
Many are easily avoidable, but some are not.12
Examples of these toxins and other factors in our lifestyle:
We need to take as many steps as possible to eliminate carcinogens from our diet and our lifestyle. Some, however, are unavoidable and if our defence system is not strong enough, can overwhelm us. back to top
What
causes a breakdown in our defence mechanism?
Firstly, insufficient pancreatic enzymes in
the blood stream to act with the body’s immune system (which itself has to be
strong enough) as a first line of defence, and secondly insufficient vitamin
B17.
The body’s failure to provide sufficient pancreatic enzymes could be due to
the pancreas may be weak
the kinds of foods we eat may use up the pancreatic enzymes in the digestive process leaving very little in the blood stream - animal protein in particular uses up large quantities of pancreatic enzymes
enzymes are destroyed by heat - any temperature over 130 degrees, so if we are not eating raw fruit and uncooked vegetables/salads we will not be ingesting any enzymes (foods frozen at home are fine, but frozen foods from the supermarket may have been processed in some manner)
So to improve the number of enzymes in our body we can eat more raw fruit and vegetables and especially those that are known to contain pancreatic (digestive) enzymes, such as pineapple, papaya (pawpaw). Sprouted seeds are not only a good source of vitamin B17, but one of the best sources of digestive enzymes.19 Digestive enzymes supplements are also available. back to top
Boosting a weak immune system
as part of the first line of defence
The immune system depends on a whole host of nutrients,
and supplementing these has proved to enhance immunity.20 Examples
are vitamin A, several of the vitamin B family, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium,
manganese, copper and zinc, calcium, and cysteine. It makes sense to eats foods
high in anti-oxidants. The link between increasing intake of fruit and vegetables
and decreasing risk is very convincing for cancers of the digestive tract (mouth,
pharynx, stomach, colon and rectum). It is also very strong for lung cancer
and breast cancer, with some evidence for other hormone-related cancers as well
as cancer of the kidney.21 Exercise (in moderation), a positive attitude
and laughter also boost the immune system.
Are we eating too little vitamin
B17 to provide our bodies with a second line of defence?
Millet, which contains vitamin B17, used to be
the staple grain. We went from millet to wheat which contains practically no
vitamin B17. Our cattle are fed increasingly on quick-growing, low-vitamin B17
grasses so there is less B17 residue in the meat we eat.22 Broad
beans (which are high in B17) were once important in Europe, but yielded popularity
to the various kidney beans23 (low to medium in B17). In previous
generations apricot kernels were often included in jam making and people ate
apple pips. We now prefer seedless grapes instead of eating the seeds. The saying
‘An apple a day keeps the doctor away’ was perhaps true when the pips were eaten
as well as the flesh. The more refined and processed our foods are, the less
likely they are to contain vitamin B17. Soils are now so depleted of nutrients
that the food crops grown on them do not contain the nourishment we think they
do - for more information on this see John Humphrys ‘The Great Food Gamble’
(Hodder and Stoughton, London 2000). Therefore the answer would seem to be to
use organically grown wholefood in our diet, with special emphasis on those
foods that are rich in vitamin B17.
What foods supply the vitamin
B17 we need? (for more details see ‘Foods containing vitamin B17’)
Other benefits of vitamin B17
28
When benzaldehyde in B17 comes into contact
with normal cells, it is oxidised and converted into harmless benzoic acid.
This is known to have certain anti-rheumatic, antiseptic and analgesic properties.
This could partially account for the fact that B17 produces the unexpected effect
of relieving the intense pain associated with terminal cancer, and does so without
the aid of narcotics.
If any cyanide from the B17 should diffuse into adjacent cells, it is converted by the enzyme rhodanese into thiocyanate, which is perfectly harmless, and is a natural regulator of blood pressure. Cyanide is an essential and integral part of vitamin B12 as well as B17. Trace amounts of cyanide and benzaldehyde released in the mouth and intestine are a part of the delicate balance of the body. In the mouth and stomach these chemicals attack the bacteria that cause tooth decay and bad breath. In the intestines they interact with the bacterial microflora to suppress or eliminate the flatulence long associated with westernised foods. Vitamin B17 also stimulates the haemoglobin or red blood cell count. back to top
From our experience, we have found that vitamin B17 can also remove or reduce some benign tumours, cysts and warts.
Do
we need supplements?
If we are not getting enough vitamin B17 in our
food, the answer has to be yes. For anyone with cancer the most important single
consideration is to get the maximum amount of vitamin B17 into your body in
the shortest possible time - although it is best to increase the dose gradually
over the first few days. There are 100mg tablets for prevention, and 500mg tablets
and 3gm vials for injections to treat a serious deficiency and cancer. Diet
and supplement protocols are given in the books by Griffin and Binzel and the
information websites mentioned in ‘Recommended books, video and websites for
more information’ and see also ‘Nutrition Therapy for People Suffering with
Cancer - a summary of different sources.’
However, Dr Krebs, firmly believes that a diet of whole foods is best, because of other nutrients provided at the same time. As a precaution he recommended that consumption of 10 (large) apricot kernels per day, either chewed whole, or ground and sprinkled, for example on cereal or in a drink, would provide sufficient vitamin B17 to permanently guard against cancer.
(It is suggested that 5 kernels or 1½ tsp ground kernels can be eaten at one time, leaving at least an hour between servings.) back to top
1 Take Vitamin B17 as a preventative
2. Boost the immune system
3 Avoid carcinogens see www.preventcancer.com
and Safe Shopper’s Bible by Samuel S. Epstein, M.D.
and Say
No To Cancer by Patrick Holford (Piatkus, London 1999)
IF
YOU HAVE CANCER consider Vitamin
B17 and metabolic therapy (treating the whole person) before embarking on chemotherapy
and radiotherapy programmes. Study the information given on the websites and
in the books and contact the organisations concerned. back to
top
It is better to have researched and decided what you would do before the shock of having cancer makes decisions difficult. Better still - begin taking preventative measures now.
The dictionary 33 definition of cancer
is
a) loosely any malignant new growth or tumour; or
b) properly a carcinoma or disorderly growth
of epithelial cells34 which invade adjacent tissue and spread by
the lymphatics and blood-vessels to other parts of the body.
It has been shown 35 that cancer cells are exactly the same as pre-embryonic cells that are found in pregnancy.36 These normal cells in pregnancy are called trophoblasts. Trophoblast cells are also thought to be involved in the healing process. These are formed as a result of a chain reaction starting with another cell identified as the diploid totipotent, which contains within it all the separate characteristics of the complete organism and has the total capacity to evolve into any organ or tissue, or indeed, into the complete embryo itself. About 80% of these trophoblast cells are located in the ovaries and testes serving as a genetic reservoir for future offspring. The rest of them are distributed elsewhere in the body for a purpose not yet fully understood but which may involve the regenerative or healing process of damaged or ageing tissue.
Whenever the body is damaged, either by physical trauma, chemical action, or illness, oestrogen and other steroid hormones always appear in great concentration, possibly serving as stimulators or catalysts for cellular growth and body repair. The diploid totipotent cells are triggered into producing trophoblast cells when they come into contact with these steroid hormones. When this happens to those diploid totipotent cells that have evolved from the fertilised egg, the result is a placenta and umbilical cord, a means of nourishing the embryo.
But when it occurs non-sexually as a part of the healing process then cancer is produced if the healing process is not stopped upon the completion of its task. When cancer begins to form, the body reacts by attempting to seal it off and surround it with cells that are similar to those in the location where it occurs. A bump or lump is the initial result. Usually the efforts of the body to control the centre of the trophoblast are successful, the trophoblast dies, and a benign polyp or other benign tumour remains as a monument to the victory of the body over cancer.
Under microscopic examination, many tumours are found to resemble a mixture of both trophoblast and surrounding cells; a fact which has led some researchers to the premature conclusion that there are many different types of cancer. But the degree to which tumours appear to be different is the same degree to which they are benign; which means that it is the degree to which there are non-cancerous cells within it. The greater the malignancy, the more these tumours begin to resemble each other, and the more clearly they begin to take on the classic characteristics of pregnancy trophoblast.37 back to top
The body’s first line of defence
All animals contain billions of white blood cells,
whose function is to attack and destroy anything that is foreign and harmful
to our bodies - people who develop a low white-blood count become susceptible
to infections of all kinds. It would seem logical therefore, that white blood
cells would attack cancer cells. However, cancer cells are not foreign to the
body, they are a vital part of the life cycle - in pregnancy and healing. Consequently
nature has provided them with an effective means of avoiding the white blood
cells.
One of the characteristics of the trophoblast cell is that it is surrounded by a thin protein coating that carries a negative electrostatic charge.38 The white blood cells also carry a negative charge. And, since like polarities repel each other, the trophoblast is well protected. The blocking factor is nothing more than a cellular electrostatic field.
Part of nature’s solution to this problem, as pointed out by Professor Beard in 1905, is found in the ten or more pancreatic enzymes,39 of which trypsin and chymotrypsin are especially important in trophoblast destruction. These enzymes exist in their inactive form (as zymogens) in the pancreas gland. Only after they have reached the small intestine are they converted to their active form.40 Then these are absorbed into the blood stream and reach the trophoblast, and they dissolve the negatively-charged protein coat. The cancer then is exposed to the attack of the white cells and it dies.
In pregnancy, the trophoblast cells in the normal embryo continue to grow and spread right up to the eighth week. Then suddenly, they stop growing and are destroyed. It is in the eighth week that the baby’s pancreas begins to function.
So it would seem that the first line of attack against cancer cells is the presence of sufficient quantities of pancreatic enzymes which digest the protective coating surrounding the cancer cells and expose the trophoblast to the destructive force of the body’s white blood cells.
If the first line should fail, nature has provided a back-up mechanism. This second line of defence is formed by vitamin B17. (See main text) back to top
FOODS CONTAINING
VITAMIN B17 (NITRILOSIDES) - a list
from June de Spain’s book41
Her list is not all-inclusive e.g. grapeseeds
are not mentioned.
June de Spain was a toxicologist and pharmacologist
for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and conducted diet research
at the University of Chicago.
Range: NB
The evaluations are averages and specimens vary widely depending on variety,
locality, soil and climate.
High: above 500 mgs nitrilosides per 100 grams
food
Medium: above 100mgs per 100 grams food
Low: below 100mgs per 100 grams food
High: wild blackberry, choke cherry, wild crabapple, cranberry, apple seeds, apricot seeds, cherry seed, nectarine seed, peach seed, plum seed, prune seed, bitter almond, broad beans, cassava, alfalfa
Medium to high: elderberry, gooseberry, macadamia nuts, mung beans
Medium: boysenberry, currant, loganberry, mulberry, raspberry, buckwheat, linseed, millet, squash seeds, lentils, Burma butter (lima) beans, alfalfa sprouts, broad bean sprouts, chick pea sprouts, mung bean sprouts
Low to medium: black-eyed beans, chick peas, kidney beans
Low: domestic blackberry, market crabapple, black beans, green peas, U.S. butter beans (lima), shell beans, cashews, beet tops, spinach, watercress, sweet potato, yams
Cyanide used to kill cancer
cells
The Times (7th September 2000)
A report was given at the British Association for the Advancement of Science’s science festival in London on 6th September 2000 which provoked the above headlines in the newspapers.
Researchers from Imperial College, London have developed a sophisticated targeting method that uses antibodies to guide lethal doses of the poison (cyanide) to tumours, without affecting healthy tissue. The system known as antibody guided enzyme nitrile therapy (AGENT), has been used successfully to seek out and kill human colorectal cancer cells in the laboratory. Patient trials could begin within two years…
The Imperial team has genetically engineered into a yeast the gene for linamarase and the gene for an antibody that recognises a protein specific to colorectal cancers……
………Should any cyanide escape the tumour into the bloodstream, it would be rapidly broken down in the liver and neutralised. (The Times)
...the antibody carries an enzyme which derives cyanide from a non-toxic substance from the (cassava) plant, a staple food crop in Africa……..
"We can target any kind of cancer cell depending on the antibody we use" (Daily Telegraph)
Surely all the arguments against vitamin B17 have been refuted by the Imperial College team. They have proved that cyanide kills cancer cells, that it is derived from food crops (from nitrilosides in these plants - hence the name of the method given by the research team), and that should any cyanide escape the tumour into the bloodstream, it would be rapidly broken down and neutralised. (See highlights from the above quotes)
It is likely that as you have read this brief overview of cancer therapy you have thought of someone you know with cancer who perhaps could benefit from this information. However, cancer is unlikely to be banished to the history books alongside scurvy until we all take action, preventative action. Recent studies predict that within 20 years the risk of developing cancer at some time during your life will be greater than 50%. 42 It is therefore in our own best interest to start taking preventative action now.
Cancer is not something that happens to someone else. In the USA, one in three Americans will get cancer, one in four will die from it. WAKE UP! NOW! TAKE PREVENTATIVE MEASURES! It is much easier than having to take more drastic and ongoing action to get rid of cancer later. Dr Krebs recommended that consumption of 10 (large) apricot kernels per day, either chewed whole, or ground and sprinkled, for example on cereal or in a drink, would provide sufficient B17 to permanently guard against cancer.
ENDNOTES - REFERENCES
1. Patrick
Holford Say No To Cancer (Piatkus, London 1999) page xii
2. Patrick Holford Say No To Cancer
page ix
3. However, much research is funded
by pharmaceutical companies, who make money from drugs used in chemotherapy.
4. The introduction is mainly taken
from Philip E. Binzel Alive and Well (American Media, California 1994)
p21-23
5. Nitrilosides are also known as
amygdalin, a natural substance that can be found in a variety of species of
plants, the greatest concentration being found in the seeds of the rosaceous
fruits, such as apricot seeds and other bitter nuts. There are many seeds, cereals
and vegetables that contain minimal quantities of amygdalin/nitrilosides and
form part of our daily diet. Egyptian papyri from 5000 years ago mention the
use of ‘aqua amigdalorum’ for the treatment of some tumours of the skin. The
Greeks and Romans also attributed therapeutic properties to that extract in
low doses. In the first half of the 19th century a compound from
bitter almonds was distilled which was named amygdalin (amygdala = almond) and
in 1937 this was broken down further
into three compounds: glucose, hydrocyanic acid and benzaldehyde. (www.worldwithoutcancer.com)
6.
G.Edward Griffin World Without Cancer
(American Media, California,1974 and 1997) p33
7. Griffin p41
8. The Imperial College researchers
have reported that if any cyanide should escape from the tumour into the bloodstream,
it would be rapidly broken down and neutralised by the liver. (The Times
7th September 2000) See ‘Researchers use cyanide
9. www.worldwithoutcancer.com
10. The beta-glucosidase
enzyme is found in various concentrations everywhere in the body. It is particularly
prevalent in the healthy spleen, liver and endocrine organs. In all of these
instances, however, there is also present an even greater quantity of the protecting
enzyme rhodanese. Griffin p89
11. G. Edward Griffin World Without Cancer
p57
12. Patrick Holford Say No To Cancer
(Piatkus, London 1999) page ix
13. Francisco Contreras The Hope of Living Cancer Free (Siloam, Florida
1999) see graph p171
14. Patrick Holford The Optimum Bible (Piatkus, London 1997) p23
15. Lynda Brown The Shopper’s Guide to Organic Food (Fourth Estate, London
1998) p45
16. Contreras The Hope of Living Cancer Free p96
17. Holford Say No To Cancer p15
18. Francisco Contreras The Hope of Living Cancer Free p67ff
19. For more information about enzymes see Dr Gillian McKeith’s Living Food
For Health (Piatkus, London 2000)
20. Holford Say No To Cancer p35
21. Holford Say No To Cancer p55
22. Griffin p60
23. Sarah Brown’s Vegetarian Cookbook
(1984) p13
24. There are isolated tribes and peoples around the world who do not have cancer.
These include the Abkhazians, the Hopi and Navajo Indians, the Hunzas, the Eskimos
and the Karakorum. What they have in common is that their diet is rich in vitamin
B17. The Hunza tribe in the Himalayas use apricot kernels abundantly, fresh
for three months and dried in the winter, with the kernels pressed for oil used
for cooking, for fuel and as a skin preparation. Their wealth is measured by
the number of apricot trees they own. They often live to over 100 years. In
addition to the apricot the Hunza diet includes buckwheat, millet, alfalfa,
peas, broad beans, turnips, lettuce, sprouting pulse and berries of various
sorts. All of these except lettuce and turnip contain vitamin B17. The traditional
Hunza diet contains over two-hundred times more nitriloside than the average
American diet. Griffin p63ff
25. The saying "An apple a day keeps the doctor
away" was perhaps true when the pips were eaten as well as the flesh.
26. Phillip Day Cancer: Why we’re still dying to know the truth p91 quoting
Dr Krebs
27. Griffin p60
28. Griffin p92
29. Jennifer Meek & Patrick Holford Boost Your Immune System (Piatkus,
London 1998) p88
30. For details see Jennifer Meek & Patrick Holford Boost Your Immune
System p90ff
31. Dr Gillian McKeith’s Living Food For Health p8ff
32. For details on ‘Plastic Dangers’ see Holford Say
No To Cancer p88
33. Chambers English Dictionary
34. Epithelium: the cell-tissue in the outer surface of the body and the mucous
membranes connected with it, and also the closed cavities of the body
35. This section on ‘Understanding cancer’ and ‘The body’s defence system’ is
taken mainly from World Without Cancer, G. Edward Griffin especially
pp75-84
36. John Beard, professor of embryology at Edinburgh University, Lancet 1902.
Also proved in a study at the Allegheny Medical College, Pittsburgh by Drs Acavedo,
Tong, and Hartsock, Cancer October 15, 1995, volume 76, No.8 pp 1467-1473
37. Under microscopic examination, many of these tumours are found to resemble
a mixture of both trophoblast and surrounding cells; a fact which has led some
researchers to the premature conclusion that there are many different types
of cancer. But the degree to which tumours appear to be different is the same
degree to which they are benign; which means that it is the degree to which
there are non-cancerous cells within it. The greater the malignancy, the more
these tumours begin to resemble each other, and the more clearly they begin
to take on the classic characteristics of pregnancy trophoblast.
38. In technical terms this is called the pericellular sialomucin coat.
39. An enzyme is a catalyst - it causes a chemical
reaction to take place without, itself, becoming part of that chemical reaction.
40. It is significant that the small intestine, near the point where the pancreas
empties into it, is one of the few places in the human body where cancer is
almost never found.
41. June de Spain The Little Cyanide Cookbook (American Media, California1976)
obtainable from Credence Publications (01622 832386) and from www.cancure.org.
42.Patrick Holford Say No To Cancer page xi